Generation of hydrogen from polyvinyl chloride by milling and heating with CaO and Ni(OH)2

William Tongamp; Qiwu Zhang; Miyagi Shoko; Fumio Saito

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.076

Generation of hydrogen from polyvinyl chloride by milling and heating with CaO and Ni(OH)₂

William Tongamp, Qiwu Zhang, Miyagi Shoko, Fumio Saito

Division of Process and System Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This work discusses an alternative process option for the treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by producing hydrogen (H₂) gas, at the same time fixing chlorine for proper environmental control. In the first-stage, a milling operation is performed in a planetary ball mill to obtain a mixture of PVC sample with CaO and Ni(OH)₂ to be used as feed in the second-step, involving heating of the milled product. Analyses by thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) showed H₂, CH₄, CO and CO₂ as main constituents. The results clearly show that addition of Ni(OH)₂ to provide nickel as catalyst and CaO as adsorbent to fix CO₂ and HCl gases generated during heating, assisted in clean H₂ generation with concentration near 90% at temperatures between 450 and 550 °C. Analyses of solids after heating by X-ray diffraction and TG-DTA techniques showed both CaOHCl and CaCO₃ as main phases in the product. This process could be developed to treat PVC wastes together with other polymers and/or plastic wastes for production of H₂ gas.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1002-1006
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of Hazardous Materials
Volume	167
Issue number	1-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.076
Publication status	Published - 2009 Aug 15

Keywords

Heating
Hydrogen gas
Milling
Planetary mill
Plastic wastes
Polyvinyl chloride

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
Waste Management and Disposal
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.076

Cite this

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title = "Generation of hydrogen from polyvinyl chloride by milling and heating with CaO and Ni(OH)2",

abstract = "This work discusses an alternative process option for the treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by producing hydrogen (H2) gas, at the same time fixing chlorine for proper environmental control. In the first-stage, a milling operation is performed in a planetary ball mill to obtain a mixture of PVC sample with CaO and Ni(OH)2 to be used as feed in the second-step, involving heating of the milled product. Analyses by thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) showed H2, CH4, CO and CO2 as main constituents. The results clearly show that addition of Ni(OH)2 to provide nickel as catalyst and CaO as adsorbent to fix CO2 and HCl gases generated during heating, assisted in clean H2 generation with concentration near 90% at temperatures between 450 and 550 °C. Analyses of solids after heating by X-ray diffraction and TG-DTA techniques showed both CaOHCl and CaCO3 as main phases in the product. This process could be developed to treat PVC wastes together with other polymers and/or plastic wastes for production of H2 gas.",

keywords = "Heating, Hydrogen gas, Milling, Planetary mill, Plastic wastes, Polyvinyl chloride",

author = "William Tongamp and Qiwu Zhang and Miyagi Shoko and Fumio Saito",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KIBAN-A18206093).",

year = "2009",

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AU - Tongamp, William

AU - Zhang, Qiwu

AU - Shoko, Miyagi

AU - Saito, Fumio

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KIBAN-A18206093).

PY - 2009/8/15

Y1 - 2009/8/15

N2 - This work discusses an alternative process option for the treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by producing hydrogen (H2) gas, at the same time fixing chlorine for proper environmental control. In the first-stage, a milling operation is performed in a planetary ball mill to obtain a mixture of PVC sample with CaO and Ni(OH)2 to be used as feed in the second-step, involving heating of the milled product. Analyses by thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) showed H2, CH4, CO and CO2 as main constituents. The results clearly show that addition of Ni(OH)2 to provide nickel as catalyst and CaO as adsorbent to fix CO2 and HCl gases generated during heating, assisted in clean H2 generation with concentration near 90% at temperatures between 450 and 550 °C. Analyses of solids after heating by X-ray diffraction and TG-DTA techniques showed both CaOHCl and CaCO3 as main phases in the product. This process could be developed to treat PVC wastes together with other polymers and/or plastic wastes for production of H2 gas.

AB - This work discusses an alternative process option for the treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by producing hydrogen (H2) gas, at the same time fixing chlorine for proper environmental control. In the first-stage, a milling operation is performed in a planetary ball mill to obtain a mixture of PVC sample with CaO and Ni(OH)2 to be used as feed in the second-step, involving heating of the milled product. Analyses by thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) showed H2, CH4, CO and CO2 as main constituents. The results clearly show that addition of Ni(OH)2 to provide nickel as catalyst and CaO as adsorbent to fix CO2 and HCl gases generated during heating, assisted in clean H2 generation with concentration near 90% at temperatures between 450 and 550 °C. Analyses of solids after heating by X-ray diffraction and TG-DTA techniques showed both CaOHCl and CaCO3 as main phases in the product. This process could be developed to treat PVC wastes together with other polymers and/or plastic wastes for production of H2 gas.

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KW - Milling

KW - Planetary mill

KW - Plastic wastes

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