TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional imaging studies of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease
AU - Takeda, Atsushi
AU - Saito, Naohiro
AU - Baba, Toru
AU - Kikuchi, Akio
AU - Sugeno, Naoto
AU - Kobayashi, Michiko
AU - Hasegawa, Takafumi
AU - Itoyama, Yasuto
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2010/2/15
Y1 - 2010/2/15
N2 - Hyposmia in Parkinson's disease (PD) was evaluated by using neuroimaging techniques. It is well known that olfactory impairments are one of the cardinal non-motor symptoms in PD. However, all smell tests used in previous studies depend on subjective answers by examinees and on sniffing of odorants, the latter of which may be impaired in PD as a consequence of motor impairments. We developed an fMRI system, which can visualize brain activation by olfactory stimuli during natural breathing. Although 7 age-matched controls demonstrated significant activations in various brain areas including precentral gyrus (BA6/6) and middle temporal gyrus (BA19/39) by the odorant stimuli, 9 patients with PD showed little activations by the same stimuli. These data suggest that the olfactory dysfunction in PD is not a simple reflection of impaired sniffing. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that the olfactory impairments may precede the onset of motor symptoms. Moreover, several pathological studies suggest that amygdala is one of the most frequently affected regions and is closely related to hyposmia in PD. Further brain imaging studies of hyposmia will shed light on the early pathological changes in PD.
AB - Hyposmia in Parkinson's disease (PD) was evaluated by using neuroimaging techniques. It is well known that olfactory impairments are one of the cardinal non-motor symptoms in PD. However, all smell tests used in previous studies depend on subjective answers by examinees and on sniffing of odorants, the latter of which may be impaired in PD as a consequence of motor impairments. We developed an fMRI system, which can visualize brain activation by olfactory stimuli during natural breathing. Although 7 age-matched controls demonstrated significant activations in various brain areas including precentral gyrus (BA6/6) and middle temporal gyrus (BA19/39) by the odorant stimuli, 9 patients with PD showed little activations by the same stimuli. These data suggest that the olfactory dysfunction in PD is not a simple reflection of impaired sniffing. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that the olfactory impairments may precede the onset of motor symptoms. Moreover, several pathological studies suggest that amygdala is one of the most frequently affected regions and is closely related to hyposmia in PD. Further brain imaging studies of hyposmia will shed light on the early pathological changes in PD.
KW - Anosmia
KW - Olfaction
KW - Olfactory dysfunction
KW - fMRI
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=74149087445&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=74149087445&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.041
DO - 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.041
M3 - Article
C2 - 19720385
AN - SCOPUS:74149087445
VL - 289
SP - 36
EP - 39
JO - Journal of the Neurological Sciences
JF - Journal of the Neurological Sciences
SN - 0022-510X
IS - 1-2
ER -