Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO

Parmanand Sharma; Amita Gupta; K. V. Rao; Frank J. Owens; Renu Sharma; Rajeev Ahuja; J. M.Osorio Guillen; Börje Johansson; G. A. Gehring

doi:10.1038/nmat984

Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO

Parmanand Sharma, Amita Gupta, K. V. Rao, Frank J. Owens, Renu Sharma, Rajeev Ahuja, J. M.Osorio Guillen, Börje Johansson, G. A. Gehring

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1672 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The search for ferromagnetism above room temperature in dilute magnetic semiconductors has been intense in recent years. We report the first observations of ferromagnetism above room temperature for dilute (<4 at.%) Mn-doped ZnO. The Mn is found to carry an average magnetic moment of 0.16 μ_B per ion. Our ab initio calculations find a valance state of Mn²⁺ and that the magnetic moments are ordered ferromagnetically, consistent with the experimental findings. We have obtained room-temperature ferromagnetic ordering in bulk pellets, in transparent films 2-3 μm thick, and in the powder form of the same material. The unique feature of our sample preparation was the low-temperature processing. When standard high-temperature (T > 700°C) methods were used, samples were found to exhibit clustering and were not ferromagnetic at room temperature. This capability to fabricate ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO semiconductors promises new spintronic devices as well as magneto-optic components.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	673-677
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature Materials
Volume	2
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat984
Publication status	Published - 2003 Oct
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Materials Science(all)
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

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Cite this

@article{c7341ceedcd84567a6a5ed81decc028a,

title = "Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO",

abstract = "The search for ferromagnetism above room temperature in dilute magnetic semiconductors has been intense in recent years. We report the first observations of ferromagnetism above room temperature for dilute (<4 at.%) Mn-doped ZnO. The Mn is found to carry an average magnetic moment of 0.16 μB per ion. Our ab initio calculations find a valance state of Mn2+ and that the magnetic moments are ordered ferromagnetically, consistent with the experimental findings. We have obtained room-temperature ferromagnetic ordering in bulk pellets, in transparent films 2-3 μm thick, and in the powder form of the same material. The unique feature of our sample preparation was the low-temperature processing. When standard high-temperature (T > 700°C) methods were used, samples were found to exhibit clustering and were not ferromagnetic at room temperature. This capability to fabricate ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO semiconductors promises new spintronic devices as well as magneto-optic components.",

author = "Parmanand Sharma and Amita Gupta and Rao, {K. V.} and Owens, {Frank J.} and Renu Sharma and Rajeev Ahuja and Guillen, {J. M.Osorio} and B{\"o}rje Johansson and Gehring, {G. A.}",

note = "Funding Information: R.A., J.G. and B.J. acknowledge the support from the ATOMICS and EXCITING programmes by the Swedish Strategic Foundation and the EU network. Some of the theoretical calculations were carried out at the National Supercomputer Centre at Link{\"o}ping,Sweden. P.S.,A.G. and K.V.R. acknowledge partial support for this research from the Swedish Agency VINNOVA. G.G. would like to acknowledge a visiting fellowship from the Swedish foundation STINT, and the hospitality during her stay at the Department of Materials Science of the Royal Institute of Technology. The use of the Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (CHREM) is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, we wish to thank very much the excellent and fruitful exchanges we have had with the reviewers of this manuscript. It has been the most enjoyable part of the scientific work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.V.R. Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on www.nature.com/naturematerials",

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AU - Sharma, Parmanand

AU - Gupta, Amita

AU - Rao, K. V.

AU - Owens, Frank J.

AU - Sharma, Renu

AU - Ahuja, Rajeev

AU - Guillen, J. M.Osorio

AU - Johansson, Börje

AU - Gehring, G. A.

N1 - Funding Information: R.A., J.G. and B.J. acknowledge the support from the ATOMICS and EXCITING programmes by the Swedish Strategic Foundation and the EU network. Some of the theoretical calculations were carried out at the National Supercomputer Centre at Linköping,Sweden. P.S.,A.G. and K.V.R. acknowledge partial support for this research from the Swedish Agency VINNOVA. G.G. would like to acknowledge a visiting fellowship from the Swedish foundation STINT, and the hospitality during her stay at the Department of Materials Science of the Royal Institute of Technology. The use of the Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (CHREM) is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, we wish to thank very much the excellent and fruitful exchanges we have had with the reviewers of this manuscript. It has been the most enjoyable part of the scientific work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.V.R. Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on www.nature.com/naturematerials

PY - 2003/10

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N2 - The search for ferromagnetism above room temperature in dilute magnetic semiconductors has been intense in recent years. We report the first observations of ferromagnetism above room temperature for dilute (<4 at.%) Mn-doped ZnO. The Mn is found to carry an average magnetic moment of 0.16 μB per ion. Our ab initio calculations find a valance state of Mn2+ and that the magnetic moments are ordered ferromagnetically, consistent with the experimental findings. We have obtained room-temperature ferromagnetic ordering in bulk pellets, in transparent films 2-3 μm thick, and in the powder form of the same material. The unique feature of our sample preparation was the low-temperature processing. When standard high-temperature (T > 700°C) methods were used, samples were found to exhibit clustering and were not ferromagnetic at room temperature. This capability to fabricate ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO semiconductors promises new spintronic devices as well as magneto-optic components.

AB - The search for ferromagnetism above room temperature in dilute magnetic semiconductors has been intense in recent years. We report the first observations of ferromagnetism above room temperature for dilute (<4 at.%) Mn-doped ZnO. The Mn is found to carry an average magnetic moment of 0.16 μB per ion. Our ab initio calculations find a valance state of Mn2+ and that the magnetic moments are ordered ferromagnetically, consistent with the experimental findings. We have obtained room-temperature ferromagnetic ordering in bulk pellets, in transparent films 2-3 μm thick, and in the powder form of the same material. The unique feature of our sample preparation was the low-temperature processing. When standard high-temperature (T > 700°C) methods were used, samples were found to exhibit clustering and were not ferromagnetic at room temperature. This capability to fabricate ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO semiconductors promises new spintronic devices as well as magneto-optic components.

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Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO

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