Evaluation of permissible residual deformation in light of occupancy, constructive and safty

The focus on performance-based seismic design in structural engineering has led to efforts to develop means of limiting inter-story drifts in structures. Recently, new systems have been developed to try to not only limit inter-story drifts, but also provide a self-centering capability to structures to limit residual deformation. However, little has been done in terms of compiling data on the effect which residual deformation has on the function of the structure and whether such self-centering systems are necessary. This study provides a review of construction tolerance for various building types and also presents the limited quantitative data currently available in terms of damage associated with particular residual drift levels after an earthquake. Further, the psychological effects which various inclinations can have on the human body are presented as these can provide serious serviceability concerns for a structure. Finally, a physical investigation of an occupied building structure is conducted to try to better quantify typical inclinations in building structures and the effect which they have on their occupants.