Error-disturbance uncertainty relations in Faraday measurements

We examine error-disturbance relations in the quantum measurement of spin systems using an atom-light interface scheme. We model a single spin-1/2 system that interacts with a polarized light meter via a Faraday interaction. We formulate the error and disturbance of the model and examine the uncertainty relations. We find that, for the coherent light meter in pure polarization, both the error and disturbance behave like the cyclic oscillations due to the Faraday rotation in both the light and spin polarizations. We also examine a class of polarization-squeezed light meter, where we apply the phase-space approximation and characterize the role of squeezing. We derive the error-disturbance relations for these cases and find that the Heisenberg-Arthurs-Kelly uncertainty is violated while the tight Branciard-Ozawa uncertainty always holds. We note that, in the limit of weak interaction strength, the error and disturbance come to obey the unbiasedness condition and hence the Heisenberg-Arthurs-Kelly relation holds. The work contributes to our understanding of the quantum measurement of spin systems under the atom-light interface framework and may hold potential applications in quantum metrology, quantum state estimation, and control.