Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on awake ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

This study was aimed to examine the short-and long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Awake ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were examined in 28 patients (3 female) with moderate to severe OSA. All these tests were examined before and after 2 weeks of nasal CPAP. In 10 patients these tests were repeated after 3-6 months of nasal CPAP. All were also tested for spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis. Patients were middle-aged (48.9 ± 9.9 years) and their mean apnea-hypopnea index was 58.3 ± 20.4/hour. After 2 week of nasal CPAP, PaO₂ significantly increased (77.7 ± 11.8 vs. 84.6 ± 9.8 mmHg) and PaCO₂ significantly decreased (44.9 ± 3.8 vs. 42.3 ± 3.7 mmHg). The ventilatory response to hypoxia significantly decreased (0.80 ± 0.51 vs. 0.61 ± 0.51 liter/mm/%) whereas the ventilatory response to hypercapnia significantly increased after 2 weeks (1.47 ± 0.73 vs. 1.80± 0.76 liter/min/mmHg). Similar findings were also observed after 3-6 months of nasal CPAP in 10 OSA patients. Nasal CPAP treatment can alter the ventilatory responses in patients with OSA.