TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of growth temperature and growth phase on the lipid composition of the archaeal membrane from Thermococcus kodakaraensis
AU - Matsuno, Yasuhiko
AU - Sugai, Akihiko
AU - Higashibata, Hiroki
AU - Fukuda, Wakao
AU - Ueda, Katsuaki
AU - Uda, Ikuko
AU - Sato, Itaru
AU - Itoh, Toshihiro
AU - Imanaka, Tadayuki
AU - Fujiwara, Shinsuke
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from JSPS Kakenhi (20580090) and Hyogo Science and Technology Association.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Archaea have unique membrane lipids typified by ether linkages of the glycerol-to-isoprenoid chains with sn-2,3 stereochemistry that runs against the naturally occurring sn-1,2 stereochemistry of the glycerophospholipids of Bacteria and Eukarya. Membrane lipids were extracted and analyzed from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis, cultivated at various temperatures. At all growth temperatures examined, both the diphytanylglycerol diether (archaeol, C20) and diphytanyldiglycerol tetraether (caldarchaeol, C40) were identified as saturated forms, and no other lipids could be identified. The ratio of caldarchaeol to archaeol increased with increasing growth temperature, particularly at 93°C. A larger amount of archaeol was detected from cells in the logarithmic phase than from those in the stationary phase at all temperatures examined. These results indicate that T. kodakaraensis modulated the membrane lipid composition depending on both the growth phase and the growth temperature, and suggest that the membrane fluidity to environmental change was maintained by altering the length of the hydrocarbon chains, and not by side-chain saturation such as double-bond hydrogenation nor by such a modification as cyclopentane ring formation.
AB - Archaea have unique membrane lipids typified by ether linkages of the glycerol-to-isoprenoid chains with sn-2,3 stereochemistry that runs against the naturally occurring sn-1,2 stereochemistry of the glycerophospholipids of Bacteria and Eukarya. Membrane lipids were extracted and analyzed from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis, cultivated at various temperatures. At all growth temperatures examined, both the diphytanylglycerol diether (archaeol, C20) and diphytanyldiglycerol tetraether (caldarchaeol, C40) were identified as saturated forms, and no other lipids could be identified. The ratio of caldarchaeol to archaeol increased with increasing growth temperature, particularly at 93°C. A larger amount of archaeol was detected from cells in the logarithmic phase than from those in the stationary phase at all temperatures examined. These results indicate that T. kodakaraensis modulated the membrane lipid composition depending on both the growth phase and the growth temperature, and suggest that the membrane fluidity to environmental change was maintained by altering the length of the hydrocarbon chains, and not by side-chain saturation such as double-bond hydrogenation nor by such a modification as cyclopentane ring formation.
KW - Archaea
KW - Growth-phase dependence
KW - Growth-temperature dependence
KW - Membrane lipid
KW - Thermococcus kodakaraensis
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U2 - 10.1271/bbb.80520
DO - 10.1271/bbb.80520
M3 - Article
C2 - 19129645
AN - SCOPUS:58849141287
VL - 73
SP - 104
EP - 108
JO - Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry
JF - Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry
SN - 0916-8451
IS - 1
ER -