Determination of electrostrictive and third-order dielectric constants of piezoelectric ceramic

In this study, all six electrostrictive constants and all two third-order dielectric constants of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic are measured. To measure electrostrictive constants, new dynamic measuring methods to obtain capacitance variation with alternating stress and alternating electric field were used. These new methods enable us to obtain the electrostrictive constants and the third-order dielectric constants in the state of fixed polarization without an aging effect. These measured constants, defined in the d-form basic piezoelectric equation in which the electric field and stress are chosen to be independent field variables, are transformed into the constants defined in the g-form where electric displacement and stress are independent field variables for the reader's convenience.