@article{638e33e480124a41a5879e8b346ea28e,
title = "Cofactor-enabled functional expression of fruit fly, honeybee, and bumblebee nicotinic receptors reveals picomolar neonicotinoid actions",
abstract = "The difficulty of achieving robust functional expression of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has hampered our understanding of these important molecular targets of globally deployed neonicotinoid insecticides at a time when concerns have grown regarding the toxicity of this chemotype to insect pollinators. We show that thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 3 (TMX3) is essential to enable robust expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes of honeybee (Apis mellifera) and bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) as well as fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) nAChR heteromers targeted by neonicotinoids and not hitherto robustly expressed. This has enabled the characterization of picomolar target site actions of neonicotinoids, findings important in understanding their toxicity.",
keywords = "Bumblebee, Fruit fly, Honeybee, Neonicotinoids, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors",
author = "Makoto Ihara and Shogo Furutani and Sho Shigetou and Shota Shimada and Kunihiro Niki and Yuma Komori and Masaki Kamiya and Wataru Koizumi and Leo Magara and Mai Hikida and Akira Noguchi and Daiki Okuhara and Yuto Yoshinari and Shu Kondo and Hiromu Tanimoto and Ryusuke Niwa and Sattelle, {David B.} and Kazuhiko Matsuda",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. This study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI to M.I. (Grant 16K21507), H.T. (Grant 26250001), as well as to K.M. and R.N. (Grant 17H01472). Y.Y. was a recipient of the fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. We thank Kei Ito and Kyoto Stock Center (Drosophila Genetic Resource Center) at Kyoto Institute of Technology for providing us with the fruit fly strains. We also thank Yoshie Fukuta and Daiki Higuchi for assistance; Jun Nakamura and Shinji Kohara for the gift of honeybees and bumblebees, respectively; Tamara Clark for the drawings of fruit fly, honeybee, and bumblebee; and Jun Nakamura for the gift of the photographs of honeybee and bumblebee. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.2003667117",
language = "English",
volume = "117",
pages = "16283--16291",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "28",
}