TY - JOUR
T1 - Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for On-Chip Analysis of Cellular Respiration by Cell Aggregates
AU - Ino, Kosuke
AU - Yaegaki, Ryosuke
AU - Hiramoto, Kaoru
AU - Nashimoto, Yuji
AU - Shiku, Hitoshi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (no. 16H02280), a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (nos. 18H01840 and 18H01999), a Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (no. 16 K14012), and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (no. 16 K16386) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This work was also supported by the Program for Creation of Interdisciplinary Research from Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University. The authors thank Professor Tomokazu Matsue (Tohoku University) for assistance with the experimental equipment. The authors thank Ms. Kimiko Takahashi (Tohoku University) for assistance with the experiments.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/3/27
Y1 - 2020/3/27
N2 - Cell aggregates have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in tissue engineering and drug screening. To evaluate cellular respiration of individual cell aggregates in these applications, noninvasive and on-chip high-throughput analytical tools are necessary. Electrochemical methods for detecting oxygen concentrations are useful because of their noninvasiveness. However, these conventional methods may be unsuitable for high-throughput detection because it is difficult to prepare many electrodes on a small chip owing to the limitation of area for connecting electrodes. Alternatively, a bipolar electrode (BPE) system offers clear advantages. In this system, electrochemical reactions are induced at both ends of a BPE without complex wiring. In this study, we present a BPE array for detecting the respiratory activity of cell aggregates. Oxygen concentrations near cell aggregates at cathodic poles of BPEs were converted to electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tripropylamine at anodic poles of BPEs. To separate ECL chemicals from cell aggregates, we fabricated a closed BPE device containing analytical and reporter chambers. As a proof of concept, 32 BPEs were controlled wirelessly using a pair of driving electrodes, and the respiratory activities of individual MCF-7 cell aggregates as a cancer model were successfully detected by monitoring ECL signals. Compared with conventional electrode arrays for cell analysis, the wiring of the current device was simple because the multiple BPEs functioned with only a single power supply. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of on-chip analysis of cellular activity using a BPE system.
AB - Cell aggregates have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in tissue engineering and drug screening. To evaluate cellular respiration of individual cell aggregates in these applications, noninvasive and on-chip high-throughput analytical tools are necessary. Electrochemical methods for detecting oxygen concentrations are useful because of their noninvasiveness. However, these conventional methods may be unsuitable for high-throughput detection because it is difficult to prepare many electrodes on a small chip owing to the limitation of area for connecting electrodes. Alternatively, a bipolar electrode (BPE) system offers clear advantages. In this system, electrochemical reactions are induced at both ends of a BPE without complex wiring. In this study, we present a BPE array for detecting the respiratory activity of cell aggregates. Oxygen concentrations near cell aggregates at cathodic poles of BPEs were converted to electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tripropylamine at anodic poles of BPEs. To separate ECL chemicals from cell aggregates, we fabricated a closed BPE device containing analytical and reporter chambers. As a proof of concept, 32 BPEs were controlled wirelessly using a pair of driving electrodes, and the respiratory activities of individual MCF-7 cell aggregates as a cancer model were successfully detected by monitoring ECL signals. Compared with conventional electrode arrays for cell analysis, the wiring of the current device was simple because the multiple BPEs functioned with only a single power supply. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of on-chip analysis of cellular activity using a BPE system.
KW - cell aggregate
KW - cellular respiration
KW - closed bipolar electrode
KW - electrochemiluminescence
KW - electrode array device
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U2 - 10.1021/acssensors.9b02061
DO - 10.1021/acssensors.9b02061
M3 - Article
C2 - 31997640
AN - SCOPUS:85082561050
VL - 5
SP - 740
EP - 745
JO - ACS Sensors
JF - ACS Sensors
SN - 2379-3694
IS - 3
ER -