TY - JOUR
T1 - Circulating carotenoid concentrations and incident hypertension
T2 - The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
AU - Hozawa, Atsushi
AU - Jacobs, David R.
AU - Steffes, Michael W.
AU - Gross, Myron D.
AU - Steffen, Lyn M.
AU - Lee, Duk Hee
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that carotenoid concentrations relate inversely to cardiovascular disease incidence. Thus, we examined the association of circulating carotenoids with hypertension, a major macrovascular disease risk factor. METHODS: Black and White men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, aged 18-30 years at recruitment (1985-1986) from four US cities, were investigated over 20 years. At years 0, 7, and 15, we determined the relationships of the sum of four serum carotenoids (±-carotene, ×-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin) and of lycopene with incident hypertension using proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: In 4412 participants, year 0 sum of four carotenoids was significantly inversely associated with 20-year hypertension incidence after adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure and other confounding factors (relative hazard per SD increase of sum of four carotenoids: 0.91; 95% confidence interval ≤ 0.84-0.99). The inverse relationships persisted in time-dependent models updating year 0 sum of four carotenoids with year 7 and year 15 values (relative hazard per SD increase of sum of four carotenoids: 0.84; 95% confidence interval ≤ 0.77-0.92). Lycopene was unrelated to hypertension in any model. CONCLUSION: Those individuals with higher concentrations of sum of carotenoids, not including lycopene, generally had lower risk for future hypertension.
AB - BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that carotenoid concentrations relate inversely to cardiovascular disease incidence. Thus, we examined the association of circulating carotenoids with hypertension, a major macrovascular disease risk factor. METHODS: Black and White men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, aged 18-30 years at recruitment (1985-1986) from four US cities, were investigated over 20 years. At years 0, 7, and 15, we determined the relationships of the sum of four serum carotenoids (±-carotene, ×-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin) and of lycopene with incident hypertension using proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: In 4412 participants, year 0 sum of four carotenoids was significantly inversely associated with 20-year hypertension incidence after adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure and other confounding factors (relative hazard per SD increase of sum of four carotenoids: 0.91; 95% confidence interval ≤ 0.84-0.99). The inverse relationships persisted in time-dependent models updating year 0 sum of four carotenoids with year 7 and year 15 values (relative hazard per SD increase of sum of four carotenoids: 0.84; 95% confidence interval ≤ 0.77-0.92). Lycopene was unrelated to hypertension in any model. CONCLUSION: Those individuals with higher concentrations of sum of carotenoids, not including lycopene, generally had lower risk for future hypertension.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Carotenoids
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Hypertension
KW - Prospective studies
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U2 - 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832258c9
DO - 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832258c9
M3 - Article
C2 - 19155781
AN - SCOPUS:63849343946
VL - 27
SP - 237
EP - 242
JO - Journal of Hypertension
JF - Journal of Hypertension
SN - 0263-6352
IS - 2
ER -