TY - JOUR
T1 - Bifunctional carbon Ni/NiO nanofiber catalyst based on 5-sulfosalicylic acid for conversion of C5/C6 carbohydrates into ethyl levulinate
AU - Guo, Haixin
AU - Abe, Yuya
AU - Qi, Xinhua
AU - Smith, Richard Lee
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful for financial support from the JSPS Grant in Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (No. 19K15347) and from the Materials Processing Science project (“Materealize”) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Grant Number JPMXP0219192801. H. G. gratefully acknowledges support from Tohoku University from the Program Center for Gender Equality Promotion.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - A method was developed for preparing bifunctional carbon Ni/NiO nanofiber catalysts that promote efficient one-pot conversion of C5/C6 carbohydrates into levulinate esters in alcohol solvents. The bifunctional catalysts were prepared via solvothermal carbonization of 5-sulfosalicylic acid/NiSO4 without the use of sulfuric acid or hydrogen gas and had fine particle sizes (d = 5 nm to 50 nm) and contained -NH2, -SO3H, -COOH and phenolic -OH functional groups. Under optimal conditions, the catalysts afforded 93% selectivity of ethyl levulinate in ethanol with the major intermediate being 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan, 4,5,5-triethoxypentan-2-one and major byproduct being 2,5,5-triethoxpentan-2-one. Cooperative activity of Lewis acidity, Brønsted acidity and functional group sites of the catalyst is demonstrated for multi-step reaction sequences of C5/C6 carbohydrates with one-pot conversions and alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol) that act as both solvent and hydrogen donor source in which the bifunctional catalyst was shown to be recyclable five times with no apparent change in conversion and ca. 5% change in selectivity. This journal is
AB - A method was developed for preparing bifunctional carbon Ni/NiO nanofiber catalysts that promote efficient one-pot conversion of C5/C6 carbohydrates into levulinate esters in alcohol solvents. The bifunctional catalysts were prepared via solvothermal carbonization of 5-sulfosalicylic acid/NiSO4 without the use of sulfuric acid or hydrogen gas and had fine particle sizes (d = 5 nm to 50 nm) and contained -NH2, -SO3H, -COOH and phenolic -OH functional groups. Under optimal conditions, the catalysts afforded 93% selectivity of ethyl levulinate in ethanol with the major intermediate being 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan, 4,5,5-triethoxypentan-2-one and major byproduct being 2,5,5-triethoxpentan-2-one. Cooperative activity of Lewis acidity, Brønsted acidity and functional group sites of the catalyst is demonstrated for multi-step reaction sequences of C5/C6 carbohydrates with one-pot conversions and alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol) that act as both solvent and hydrogen donor source in which the bifunctional catalyst was shown to be recyclable five times with no apparent change in conversion and ca. 5% change in selectivity. This journal is
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U2 - 10.1039/d0re00153h
DO - 10.1039/d0re00153h
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85092566135
VL - 5
SP - 1759
EP - 1767
JO - Reaction Chemistry and Engineering
JF - Reaction Chemistry and Engineering
SN - 2058-9883
IS - 9
ER -