TY - JOUR
T1 - Apathy/depression, but not subjective fatigue, is related with cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
AU - Niino, Masaaki
AU - Mifune, Nobuhiro
AU - Kohriyama, Tatsuo
AU - Mori, Masahiro
AU - Ohashi, Takashi
AU - Kawachi, Izumi
AU - Shimizu, Yuko
AU - Fukaura, Hikoaki
AU - Nakashima, Ichiro
AU - Kusunoki, Susumu
AU - Miyamoto, Katsuichi
AU - Yoshida, Kazuto
AU - Kanda, Takashi
AU - Nomura, Kyoichi
AU - Yamamura, Takashi
AU - Yoshii, Fumihito
AU - Kira, Jun ichi
AU - Nakane, Shunya
AU - Yokoyama, Kazumasa
AU - Matsui, Makoto
AU - Miyazaki, Yusei
AU - Kikuchi, Seiji
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/1/6
Y1 - 2014/1/6
N2 - Background: Cognitive impairment could affect quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and cognitive function may be correlated with several factors such as depression and fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in Japanese patients with MS and the association between cognitive function and apathy, fatigue, and depression.Methods: The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests (BRB-N) was performed in 184 Japanese patients with MS and 163 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education. The Apathy Scale (AS), Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) were used to evaluate apathy, fatigue, and depression, respectively. Student's t-test was used to compare MS patients and healthy controls. Correlations between two factors were assessed using the Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate how much each factor affected the BRB-N score.Results: In all BRB-N tests, patients with MS scored significantly lower than controls, and the effect size of symbol digit modalities test was the highest among the 9 tests of the BRB-N. Patients with MS had higher AS (p < 0.001), FQ (p < 0.0001), and BDI-II (p < 0.0001) scores than controls. In patients with MS, scores on most of the BRB-N tests correlated with scores on the AS and BDI-II; however, there was little correlation between scores on the BRB-N tests and those on the FQ.Conclusions: Cognitive function was impaired, particularly information-processing speed, and decreased cognitive function was correlated with apathy and depression in Japanese patients with MS. Despite the association between cognitive variables and depression/apathy, cognitive function was impaired beyond the effect of depression and apathy. However, subjective fatigue is not related with cognitive impairment. Taken together, this suggests that different therapeutic approaches are needed to improve subjective fatigue and cognition, and thereby quality of life, in patients with MS.
AB - Background: Cognitive impairment could affect quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and cognitive function may be correlated with several factors such as depression and fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in Japanese patients with MS and the association between cognitive function and apathy, fatigue, and depression.Methods: The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests (BRB-N) was performed in 184 Japanese patients with MS and 163 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education. The Apathy Scale (AS), Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) were used to evaluate apathy, fatigue, and depression, respectively. Student's t-test was used to compare MS patients and healthy controls. Correlations between two factors were assessed using the Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate how much each factor affected the BRB-N score.Results: In all BRB-N tests, patients with MS scored significantly lower than controls, and the effect size of symbol digit modalities test was the highest among the 9 tests of the BRB-N. Patients with MS had higher AS (p < 0.001), FQ (p < 0.0001), and BDI-II (p < 0.0001) scores than controls. In patients with MS, scores on most of the BRB-N tests correlated with scores on the AS and BDI-II; however, there was little correlation between scores on the BRB-N tests and those on the FQ.Conclusions: Cognitive function was impaired, particularly information-processing speed, and decreased cognitive function was correlated with apathy and depression in Japanese patients with MS. Despite the association between cognitive variables and depression/apathy, cognitive function was impaired beyond the effect of depression and apathy. However, subjective fatigue is not related with cognitive impairment. Taken together, this suggests that different therapeutic approaches are needed to improve subjective fatigue and cognition, and thereby quality of life, in patients with MS.
KW - Apathy
KW - Cognition
KW - Depression
KW - Fatigue
KW - Japanese
KW - Multiple sclerosis
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U2 - 10.1186/1471-2377-14-3
DO - 10.1186/1471-2377-14-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 24393373
AN - SCOPUS:84891532255
VL - 14
JO - BMC Neurology
JF - BMC Neurology
SN - 1471-2377
IS - 1
M1 - 3
ER -