TY - JOUR
T1 - Apathy/depression, but not subjective fatigue, is related with cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
AU - Niino, Masaaki
AU - Mifune, Nobuhiro
AU - Kohriyama, Tatsuo
AU - Mori, Masahiro
AU - Ohashi, Takashi
AU - Kawachi, Izumi
AU - Shimizu, Yuko
AU - Fukaura, Hikoaki
AU - Nakashima, Ichiro
AU - Kusunoki, Susumu
AU - Miyamoto, Katsuichi
AU - Yoshida, Kazuto
AU - Kanda, Takashi
AU - Nomura, Kyoichi
AU - Yamamura, Takashi
AU - Yoshii, Fumihito
AU - Kira, Jun ichi
AU - Nakane, Shunya
AU - Yokoyama, Kazumasa
AU - Matsui, Makoto
AU - Miyazaki, Yusei
AU - Kikuchi, Seiji
N1 - Funding Information:
MN has received funding for travel and/or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma, and Novartis Pharma, and has served on the scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec. T. Kohriyama has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., and Novartis Pharma. IK has received funding for travel and/or speaker honoraria from Novartis Pharma, Biogen Idec, and Bayer Schering Pharma. YS has received honoraria for speaking from Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., and has received personal compensation for consulting services from Biogen Idec, Teijin Pharma and Novartis Pharma. HF has received funding for travel and/or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and Novartis Pharma. IN has served on the scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec, Novartis Pharma; received funding for trips and speaks from Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Biogen Idec, Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma, Novartis Pharma, and received grant support from Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation. S. Kusunoki has received speaker honoraria from Teijin, Nihon Pharmaceutical, Benesis, Japan Blood Products Organization, Novartis Pharma, Asahi Kasei, and Sanofi Aventis. KN has received funding for travel and/or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Teijin Pharma Ltd., and Novartis Pharma. TY has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; has received research support from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Teva Pharmaceutical K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical CO., Ltd; has received speaker honoraria from Novartis Pharma, Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Abbot Japan Co., Ltd.., Eisai Co., Ltd., Biogen Idec, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Bayer Holding Ltd., and Astellas Pharma Inc. JK is a consultant for Biogen Idec, and has received honoraria from Bayer Healthcare and funding for a trip from Bayer Healthcare and Biogen Idec. M. Matsui is part of a scientific advisory board for Biogen Idec, and has received speaker honoraria from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, and Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma. YM has received speaker honoraria and research material from Novartis Pharma. S. Kikuchi has received speaker honoraria from Novartis Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, and FP Pharmaceutical Corporation, and serves on the scientific advisory board for Novartis Pharma. NM, M. Mori, TO, KM, K. Yoshida, T. Kanda, FY, SN, and K. Yokoyama declare that they have no competing interests.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. We thank Dr. Mika Otsuki, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University for contributing to the Japanese version of the BRB-N, and the following colleagues for enrolling patients in the study: Ms. Yoko Kanamori, Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine; Dr. Michiaki Koga, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Dr. Takamasa Noda, Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital; and Dr. Takuya Matsushita, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University. The authors also thank Ms. Kaori Shimakura and Ms. Eri Takahashi, Department of Clinical Research, Hokkaido Medical Center for their help with this study.
PY - 2014/1/6
Y1 - 2014/1/6
N2 - Background: Cognitive impairment could affect quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and cognitive function may be correlated with several factors such as depression and fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in Japanese patients with MS and the association between cognitive function and apathy, fatigue, and depression.Methods: The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests (BRB-N) was performed in 184 Japanese patients with MS and 163 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education. The Apathy Scale (AS), Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) were used to evaluate apathy, fatigue, and depression, respectively. Student's t-test was used to compare MS patients and healthy controls. Correlations between two factors were assessed using the Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate how much each factor affected the BRB-N score.Results: In all BRB-N tests, patients with MS scored significantly lower than controls, and the effect size of symbol digit modalities test was the highest among the 9 tests of the BRB-N. Patients with MS had higher AS (p < 0.001), FQ (p < 0.0001), and BDI-II (p < 0.0001) scores than controls. In patients with MS, scores on most of the BRB-N tests correlated with scores on the AS and BDI-II; however, there was little correlation between scores on the BRB-N tests and those on the FQ.Conclusions: Cognitive function was impaired, particularly information-processing speed, and decreased cognitive function was correlated with apathy and depression in Japanese patients with MS. Despite the association between cognitive variables and depression/apathy, cognitive function was impaired beyond the effect of depression and apathy. However, subjective fatigue is not related with cognitive impairment. Taken together, this suggests that different therapeutic approaches are needed to improve subjective fatigue and cognition, and thereby quality of life, in patients with MS.
AB - Background: Cognitive impairment could affect quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and cognitive function may be correlated with several factors such as depression and fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in Japanese patients with MS and the association between cognitive function and apathy, fatigue, and depression.Methods: The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests (BRB-N) was performed in 184 Japanese patients with MS and 163 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education. The Apathy Scale (AS), Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) were used to evaluate apathy, fatigue, and depression, respectively. Student's t-test was used to compare MS patients and healthy controls. Correlations between two factors were assessed using the Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate how much each factor affected the BRB-N score.Results: In all BRB-N tests, patients with MS scored significantly lower than controls, and the effect size of symbol digit modalities test was the highest among the 9 tests of the BRB-N. Patients with MS had higher AS (p < 0.001), FQ (p < 0.0001), and BDI-II (p < 0.0001) scores than controls. In patients with MS, scores on most of the BRB-N tests correlated with scores on the AS and BDI-II; however, there was little correlation between scores on the BRB-N tests and those on the FQ.Conclusions: Cognitive function was impaired, particularly information-processing speed, and decreased cognitive function was correlated with apathy and depression in Japanese patients with MS. Despite the association between cognitive variables and depression/apathy, cognitive function was impaired beyond the effect of depression and apathy. However, subjective fatigue is not related with cognitive impairment. Taken together, this suggests that different therapeutic approaches are needed to improve subjective fatigue and cognition, and thereby quality of life, in patients with MS.
KW - Apathy
KW - Cognition
KW - Depression
KW - Fatigue
KW - Japanese
KW - Multiple sclerosis
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U2 - 10.1186/1471-2377-14-3
DO - 10.1186/1471-2377-14-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 24393373
AN - SCOPUS:84891532255
VL - 14
JO - BMC Neurology
JF - BMC Neurology
SN - 1471-2377
IS - 1
M1 - 3
ER -