TY - JOUR
T1 - A Phylogenetic Overview of the Genus Vertigo O. F. Müller, 1773 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupillidae: Vertigininae)
AU - Nekola, Jeffrey C.
AU - Chiba, Satoshi
AU - Coles, Brian F.
AU - Drost, Charles A.
AU - Proschwitz, Ted Von
AU - Horsák, Michal
N1 - Funding Information:
Some specimens used in this project were provided by Paul Callomon and Gary Rosen-berg at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Robert Cameron, Barry Colville, Dan Dourson, Dai Herbert, Stefan Meng, Levan Mumladze, Barry Roth, Lori Schroeder, John Slapcinsky at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Martin Willing, Wayne Van Devender and Ton de Winter. Major funding for field work was provided by the Czech Science Foundation (P504? 10454), the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (Kakenhi?24340128), the Southern California Research Learning Center (assisted by Keith Lombardo of Ca-brillo National Monument), United States Navy, and the U.S.A. National Science Foundation (EAR?0614963 and EAR?1528617). M. Horsák participation was also funded by the Czech Science Foundation (P504?17?05696S). Additional travel expenses were provided by Ken Hotopp and Menno Schilthuizen. Invaluable assistance and advice in laboratory procedures were provided by Ben Hanelt and George Rosen-berg of the Univeristy of New Mexico Biology Department. Gary Rosenberg and Francisco Welter?Schultes graciously provided advice on nomenclatural and IZCN Code issues. Gary Barker, Jochen Gerber and Tim Pearce provided invaluable comments on earlier drafts. Work on the final version of this monograph was partially supported by the Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University through a visiting professorship to the lead author. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
Funding Information:
Major funding for feld work was provided by the Czech Science Foundation (P504-11-0454), the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (Kakenhi-24340128), the Southern California Research Learning Center (assisted by Keith Lombardo of Cabrillo National Monument), United States Navy, and the U.S.A. National Science Foundation (EAR-0614963 and EAR-1528617).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Institute of Malacology. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/3
Y1 - 2018/3
N2 - We document global phylogenetic pattern in the pupillid land snail genus Vertigo by analyses of nDNA (ITS1 and ITS2) and mtDNA (CytB and 16S) sequence from 424 individuals representing 91 putative specific and subspecific Vertigo taxa. nDNA and mtDNA data were separately subjected to neighbor-joining, minimum evolution, maximum likelihood and Bayesian reconstruction methods, with conclusions being drawn from shared topological structures. Six highly supported, reciprocally monophyletic subgeneric level clades were identified: Vertigo, Alaea, Boreovertigo new subgenus, Isthmia, Staurodon and Vertilla. 88 species or subspecies were also confirmed, nine of which are new and formally described herein: V. beringiana, V. chiricahuensis, V. chytryi, V. genesioides, V. kodamai, V. kurilensis, V. lilljeborgi vinlandica, V. pimuensis and V. pisewensis. Thirteen taxa were synonymized: V. arthuri basidens, V. arthuri hubrichti, V. arthuri paradoxa (= V. arthuri); V. allyniana (= V. modesta); V. andrusiana (= V. columbiana); V. conecuhensis (= V. alabamensis); V. dedecora tamagonari (= V. dedecora); V. elatior, V. idahoensis (= V. ventricosa); V. eogea (= V. ovata); V. modesta insculpta (= V. modesta concinnula), V. modesta microphasma, V. modesta sculptilis (= V. modesta castanea). Qualitative observations of conchological features, ecological preferences and geographic coverage were conducted for each subgenus and genetically supported species or subspecies-level taxon. These demonstrated that: (1) a suite of diagnostic shell features usually exists to demarcate each species-level taxon; (2) shell features were incapable of defining genetically validated subgenera; (3) all subgenera had transcontinental ranges; (4) of all species possess continental or trans-continental ranges, with very few having range extents < 1,000 km; (5) all subgenera and fully of global Vertigo species and subspecies are found in North America, more than 2.5 times the number found in central and eastern Asia, the second most diverse region. This is similar to several other molluscan groups, such as the polygyrid land snails and unionid bivalves for which North America is the global biodiversity hotspot.
AB - We document global phylogenetic pattern in the pupillid land snail genus Vertigo by analyses of nDNA (ITS1 and ITS2) and mtDNA (CytB and 16S) sequence from 424 individuals representing 91 putative specific and subspecific Vertigo taxa. nDNA and mtDNA data were separately subjected to neighbor-joining, minimum evolution, maximum likelihood and Bayesian reconstruction methods, with conclusions being drawn from shared topological structures. Six highly supported, reciprocally monophyletic subgeneric level clades were identified: Vertigo, Alaea, Boreovertigo new subgenus, Isthmia, Staurodon and Vertilla. 88 species or subspecies were also confirmed, nine of which are new and formally described herein: V. beringiana, V. chiricahuensis, V. chytryi, V. genesioides, V. kodamai, V. kurilensis, V. lilljeborgi vinlandica, V. pimuensis and V. pisewensis. Thirteen taxa were synonymized: V. arthuri basidens, V. arthuri hubrichti, V. arthuri paradoxa (= V. arthuri); V. allyniana (= V. modesta); V. andrusiana (= V. columbiana); V. conecuhensis (= V. alabamensis); V. dedecora tamagonari (= V. dedecora); V. elatior, V. idahoensis (= V. ventricosa); V. eogea (= V. ovata); V. modesta insculpta (= V. modesta concinnula), V. modesta microphasma, V. modesta sculptilis (= V. modesta castanea). Qualitative observations of conchological features, ecological preferences and geographic coverage were conducted for each subgenus and genetically supported species or subspecies-level taxon. These demonstrated that: (1) a suite of diagnostic shell features usually exists to demarcate each species-level taxon; (2) shell features were incapable of defining genetically validated subgenera; (3) all subgenera had transcontinental ranges; (4) of all species possess continental or trans-continental ranges, with very few having range extents < 1,000 km; (5) all subgenera and fully of global Vertigo species and subspecies are found in North America, more than 2.5 times the number found in central and eastern Asia, the second most diverse region. This is similar to several other molluscan groups, such as the polygyrid land snails and unionid bivalves for which North America is the global biodiversity hotspot.
KW - biogeography
KW - conchology
KW - ecology
KW - mtDNA
KW - nDNA
KW - new species
KW - new subspecies
KW - phylogenetics
KW - taxonomy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042652304&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85042652304&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4002/040.062.0104
DO - 10.4002/040.062.0104
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85042652304
VL - 62
SP - 21
EP - 161
JO - Malacologia
JF - Malacologia
SN - 0076-2997
IS - 1
ER -