5 c, 11 c, 14 c-Eicosatrienoic acid and 5 c, 11 c, 14 c, 17 c-eicosatetraenoic acid of Biota orientalis seed oil affect lipid metabolism in the rat

The effects of 5 c, 11 c, 14 c-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3BSO) and 5 c, 11 c, 14 c, 17 c-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4BSO), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in Biota orientalis seed oil (BSO), on lipid metabolism in rats were compared to the effects of fats rich in linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA) under similar conditions. The potential effect of ethyl 20:4BSO as an essential fatty acid also was examined in comparison with the ethyl esters of LA. ALA and γ-linolenic acid (GLA). BSO- and ALA-rich fat decreased the concentration of plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid as compared to LA-rich fat. BSO was more effective in reducing plasma cholesterol concentrations than was the ALA-rich fat. Dietary BSO markedly decreased the hepatic triglyceride concentration as compared to the LA-rich or ALA-rich fats. Aortic production of prostaglandin I₂ tended to decrease in rats fed BSO or ALA-rich fat compared to those fed the LA-rich fat. Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was similar in the three groups. The proportion of arachidonic acid (AA) in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) of rats fed BSO was lowest compared to that of rats fed ALA-rich or LA-rich fats. Administration of 20:4BSO, ALA or GLA to essential fatty acid-deficient rats decreased the ratio of 20:3n-9 to AA in liver PC to the same extent; administration of LA was more effective. The results indicate that the effects of specific PUFA contained in BSO on lipid metabolism are different from those of LA and ALA. It is also suggested that 20:4BSO may exhibit some essential fatty acid effects.